What are Geographical Indications (GI)?
A Geographical Indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. These products are protected under the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999.
A GI acts as a certification that the product possesses certain qualities, is made according to traditional methods, or enjoys a reputation due to its geographical origin. Examples include Darjeeling Tea, Nagpur Orange, Alphonso Mango, and Mysore Silk.
Grounds for Refusal of a GI
A Geographical Indication cannot be registered if it:
- Is likely to deceive the public or cause confusion.
- Is contrary to any law in force in India.
- Comprises or contains scandalous or obscene matter.
- Is likely to hurt the religious susceptibilities of any class or section of citizens.
- Has become a generic name (the common name of the goods) and has lost its significance as a GI.
- Falsely represents that the goods originate from another territory, region, or locality.
Geographical Indications Registry
The registration of Geographical Indications in India is handled by the Geographical Indications Registry, which is located in Chennai. It operates under the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (CGPDTM).
Chennai (Head Office for GI)
The Geographical Indications Registry in Chennai handles all functions related to the registration, opposition, and maintenance of GIs in India.
GI Registration Lifecycle Flowchart
1. Filing
Application filed by an association of producers or relevant authority.
2. Examination
Registrar examines the application and supporting documents.
3. Publication
If accepted, the application is published in the GI Journal.
4. Opposition
Window for third-party opposition (typically 3-4 months).
5. Registration
If no/failed opposition, the GI is registered and certificate is issued.
6. Renewal
Valid for 10 years. Renewable indefinitely for 10-year periods.